B12 diet handout
Adequate Intake (AI): established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA and is set at a level assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy. Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease that affects the gastric mucosa and results in gastric atrophy. When synthetic vitamin B12 is added to fortified foods and dietary supplements, it is already in free form and, thus, does not require this separation step. Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products, including fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products. Vitamin B12 functions as a cofactor for methionine synthase and L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.
For infants aged 0 to 12 months, the FNB established an AI for vitamin B12 that is equivalent to the mean intake of vitamin B12 in healthy, breastfed infants. Methionine is required for the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, a universal methyl donor for almost 100 different substrates, including DNA, RNA, hormones, proteins, and lipids. Table of Contents Introduction Recommended Intakes Sources of Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 Intakes and Status Vitamin B12 Deficiency Groups at Risk of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Vitamin B12 and Health Health Risks from Excessive Vitamin B12 Interactions with Medications Vitamin B12 and Healthful Diets References Disclaimer. If pernicious anemia is left untreated, it causes vitamin B12 deficiency, leading to megaloblastic anemia and neurological disorders, even in the presence of adequate dietary intake of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 status is typically assessed via serum or plasma vitamin B12 levels. Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement and a prescription medication. DRI is the general term for a set of reference values used for planning and assessing nutrient intakes of healthy people.
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